hive-eu.org/exploring-noninvasive-brain-stimulation-methods/

Brain computer interface (BCI) enables users to control devices such as computers and other gadgets by using their own brain. BCIs record brain activity and translate it into commands that can be used to operate the device. They provide feedback to the user so that he or she can correct any inputs that caused errors.

Presently, the most popular methods of building BCIs involve the use electrodes that are connected to the head or body to record signals that originate from the brain. These digital signals are analyzed to extract specific signal features that are in line with the user’s intentions. These features may include EEG or ECoG response amplitudes and latencies, power within certain EEG or ECoG frequency bands or firing rates of individual cortical neurons.

Based on our survey people are enthusiastic about the prospect of applying BCI technology for various purposes. It is evident however that BCI researchers should address the numerous issues raised by the public and their own experts in order to ensure responsible advancement of this technology.

The most important challenge that is left to overcome is the reliability of BCI. For real-life practicality, the BCI must be as reliable as natural muscle-based actions. This requires significant CNS plasticity which allows the BCI to learn to reliably identify and produce the intended commands. The cost of invasive BCIs is another important issue. This includes the initial and ongoing implantation, as well as costs for technical support. If these costs can’t be reduced substantially, the commercial viability of a BCI will be limited to patients who have severe disabilities.